Identifying risk with data and decision-making tools is necessary for risk-informed structural and non-structural measures and land use development. Risk-informed spatial planning is a key tool for managing exposure for fixed assets, such as houses, factories, and other infrastructure. Appropriate land use planning for new development should ensure separation between flood-prone areas and fixed assets. Structural measures help mitigate the impact of natural shocks on people, reduce disruptions, and improve living standards. Nature-based solutions can complement the protective function of structural measures, while also contributing to improved livelihoods. Even with effective risk reduction systems in place, there is a chance of experiencing flood impacts. Emergency response, relief and recovery plans are key for managing residual risks. Flood preparedness can be enhanced with flood forecasting and early warning systems, and, at the local level, improved knowledge can ensure better responses for flood-proofing or evacuation. Institutional strengthening should target coordination, communication, and decision-making systems. Social protection systems, disaster risk financing strategies, and insurance can also help manage residual risk.
